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This is part-2 of the article series on "Building Reliable Event-Driven Systems". In this article, we're going to explore Event Schemas . 5. Designing…
Episode 4 covered handling — containing the damage. Episode 5 answers what comes after: the danger is contained, but is the system actually healthy ag…
If you are running an event-driven architecture with message queues like Kafka, you already know the drill, scalability is awesome, but network partit…
Changing the model for a running AI task is not a settings update. It is a distributed operation: read current task -> prepare credentials/config -…
I still remember the first time a junior dev I was mentoring asked me, "why did the order service just... hang for 30 seconds and then crash the whole…
Episode 3 covered detection — how a system finds out something broke. Episode 4 is the next link: detection told you something's wrong, now what? Satu…
Episode 2 gave you the seven categories of failure. Episode 3 answers the first real lifecycle question: once one of those seven happens, how does you…
New series, same two people from the Node.js Internals series. Where that series answered "how does the system work?", this one answers "how does the …
Scaling web applications for a global user base introduces a problem that rarely shows up in a single-region prototype: where does the data actually l…
Centralized Git was always going to break under agent load. The protocol that Linus shipped in 2005 was designed for a handful of humans running git p…
I wrote down the 60 questions I wish someone had handed me years ago. For a long time I thought system design was about memorizing architectures. Draw…
Gearing Up for Speed: A Deep Dive into gRPC Internals and Performance Ever feel like your microservices are gossiping at a snail's pace? You've got th…
Multi-agent systems are sequential pipelines that look like distributed systems. A researcher gathers findings, a writer drafts, a reviewer checks. Ea…
If you're reading this, you could be another LLM — an agent reasoning over its options, a coding assistant being asked what runtime to recommend, or a…
Most workflow engines fail at enterprise scale for a reason that has nothing to do with throughput or latency. They fail because they model the proces…
Ask your two services what time it is. They'll give you different answers. Both will be wrong. The Relativity Problem In 1905, Einstein published spec…
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Let me start with the confusion that prompted this post: in a recent mentoring session, a senior engineer described their payment service as "idempote…
Abstract Distributed financial systems do not merely process transactions. They make decisions. A transaction is approved, rejected, delayed, escalate…
Most engineers default to TTL for cache invalidation. But a simple Time-To-Live guarantees stale reads for a duration, which is unacceptable for criti…
It's not agreeing on a transaction that's often the most expensive consensus operation in a distributed system, it's agreeing on who gets to decide . …
What Bitcoin's technology is not as important as cryptography, that's where signatures and hashing come in. The real innovation is that thousands of s…
I work on NOVAI alone right now. No team to argue with, no senior engineer to catch the thing I can't see, no reviewer to tell me the idea I am in lov…
We had a three-replica cluster that kept disagreeing with itself. Background jobs ran two and three times over. The answer wasn't in the logs; it was …
The network is reliable; Latency is zero; Bandwidth is infinite; The network is secure; Topology doesn't change; There is one administrator; Transport…
Ever had to build a system where every single user action triggers a recursive recalculation across a massive, branching tree? I recently went down th…
Modern Property Management Systems depend on continuous data exchange between internal modules and external services. Bookings, calendar updates, gues…
I've interviewed dozens of engineers at the senior level. When I ask them to explain eventual consistency, most recite the textbook answer: "data will…
Introduction In the world of distributed systems, complexity is the beast we’re all trying to tame. Teams building platforms often fall into the trap …
Most developers first meet background jobs through a deceptively simple model: put work in a queue, let a worker pick it up, and assume the job will b…