What is Block-Oriented Network Simulator (BONeS) 🦴?
📜 Before many modern networking tools existed, engineers were already using a graphical software environment called Block-Oriented Network Simulator (…
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Every urgent task was created by a non urgent decision made months ago.
The server issue that needs fixing today. The report everyone is chasing. The manual process taking hours every week. The customer complaint that sudd…
A Love Letter to Survivorship Bias in Tech
How many times have you seen a picture of a plane with red dots posted on the internet without context? There's a famous story about a statistician na…
Your Jenkins build failed. Now what?
A realistic walkthrough of what actually happens next and where teams lose the most time. Let me describe a scene that happens hundreds of times a day…
Caching in System Design - The Secret to High Performance
There is a point in every system’s growth where adding more servers stops being enough. You scale horizontally. You introduce load balancers. You dist…
There Is No Perfect Solution in Software Development: Every Decision is a Tradeoff
Most bad decisions in software engineering aren't made because the engineer chose wrong between two clear options. They're made because the engineer d…
The spec is in the wrong place
My day job is at a large tech company. Hundreds of engineering teams, and every one of them is somewhere different on AI adoption. Some are still trea…
Where have the bottlenecks gone?
AI coding, using AntiGravity or Claude Code, has significantly increased the productivity of your junior developers. Applications which used to be ‘lo…
AI - The Stock Market Hype and the Dangers of Sloppy Code
At this time, AI is still a business that largely survives on valuation rather than profitability. The narrative surrounding artificial intelligence i…
Behind the Green Tests: My Honest HNG Internship Experience
Over the past two years, I've been a laravel developer. I've been so stuck with this framework that I felt like I didn't know much about actual progra…
The Best Platform for Learning Programming in 2026 Isn't What You Think
Every year, millions of students open YouTube, find a Python tutorial, watch three hours of someone else coding, and then close the laptop feeling lik…
Two Bugs That Taught Me More Than Any Tutorial
Introduction I'm Calvin, a backend engineering intern at HNG, currently wrapping up HNG14. This post is about two tasks from the internship that genui…
I expected the cheaper model to be cheaper. It cost 8.6 more.
I'd routed the same one-word prompt to Claude Haiku and to Gemini 2.5 Flash. Flash has the lower per-token price, so this should have been an easy win…
Why Custom Software Projects Fail (And How to Avoid the Most Common Mistakes)
Why Custom Software Projects Fail (And How to Avoid the Most Common Mistakes) After working on software projects of different sizes, I've noticed that…
System Design - 17. Service Discovery & Service Mesh: How Thousands of Services Find Each Other
Covers: Client-Side vs Server-Side Discovery, Service Registries, Service Mesh (Istio/Envoy), Kubernetes DNS The Problem That Didn't Exist in the Mono…
System Design - 14. Event-Driven Architecture: Event Sourcing, CQRS, and the Outbox Pattern Explained
Event-Driven Architecture: Event Sourcing, CQRS, and the Outbox Pattern Explained Covers: Event Sourcing, CQRS, Outbox Pattern, Choreography vs Orches…
Stop Calling Yourself a Software Engineer If You've Never Shipped Anything
There's a quiet lie rotting at the heart of modern software development, and almost nobody wants to say it out loud: the industry is drowning in peopl…
8GB to 70B: A Real Hardware Guide for Local LLMs
The idea of running a local LLM (Large Language Model) has always appealed to me, especially concerning data privacy and cost control. However, when I…
Is Open Source Sustainable?
Since the beginning of my career, for a full 20 years, open-source solutions have been an indispensable part of my system architectures and software d…
An AI Module Smaller Than a Smartphone Photo. Are We Underestimating the Computer We Carry Every Day?
The Idea and the Main Engineering Challenges Recently, I released a new offline AI feature for my Android application as a separate module. The entire…
Hindu Festival Tithi Rules
I was migrating our regional calendar pages from hand-coded festival dates to engine-computed ones when I noticed Bhai Dooj 2026 was showing November …
Set Up Your Own ChatGPT: Ollama + Open WebUI for Data That Never
Set Up Your Own ChatGPT: Ollama + Open WebUI for Data That Never Leaves Home As artificial intelligence models rapidly integrate into our lives, priva…
What is utility-first software? (And why most tools ignore it)
There's a tool I used every day for two years. It did invoicing, project management, time tracking, client portals, proposals, contracts, team collabo…
RPGMapEditor.com: A Free Browser-Based Battle Map Maker for D&D and VTTs
Making a good tabletop RPG map should not require installing a heavy desktop app, learning a complex tool, or spending an hour just to draw a simple d…
Your Own Push System Instead of FCM/APNs: When Is It Necessary?
Building Your Own Push Notification System: When Is It Necessary? With the advent of mobile applications, the importance of instant communication with…
How I Bypassed SSL Pinning on the Cars24 Android App (Without Rooting My Phone)
I was building Unlist — a tool that surfaces hidden faults in used car listings on Spinny and Cars24. Spinny was easy: their web app makes API calls I…
Classes, Enums, and Records Look Like Simple Language Features — Until You Realize They Define Your Entire Domain Model
Classes, Enums, and Records Look Like Simple Language Features — Until You Realize They Define Your Entire Domain Model Why Senior .NET Engineers Spen…
I Got Tired of Bad Invoicing Tools So I Built My Own. Here's What Happened.
Every freelance developer I know has two things in common. They can build almost anything. And they absolutely hate doing their invoicing. I was no di…
How I Built a Python Backtesting Engine with 623 Tests
I spent the last year building a backtesting and live trading engine in Python. It started as a personal tool — I was tired of rewriting the same plum…
The Harness Is Now the Product
Has AI engineering just changed (again)? For the past year, most of us building with AI have been focused on one thing: getting better outputs from mo…