How Hugging Face's Transformers Added UltraBERT with Layer-Specific Rotary Embeddings
Why UltraBERT Integration Matters The Hugging Face Transformers library is a cornerstone for NLP research and applications, providing a unified inte…
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I Distilled a 568M Multilingual Model Into a 37M Japanese-English Encoder — Here's What Survived
Cross-lingual retrieval distillation, compression, and the honest cost table. Scope note: English-to-Japanese retrieval only. EN-JA eval is syntheti…
A Mixed-Language Test Set for WhatsApp Assistants in Gulf Businesses
Disclosure: I run NxFlowAI, an automation agency serving UAE businesses remotely from Mumbai. This post is a vendor-neutral testing pattern. Custome…
Day 31: The Transformer Decoder Architecture
What Is a Transformer Decoder? A transformer decoder is a type of neural network for generating sequences, such as sentences, one piece at a time. Y…
Your intent classifier is 12 points worse in Portuguese: benchmarking Laya, Strands Decider and Qwen3 embeddings
A conversational agent first has to decide what the customer wants. I measured that step for customer-service messages in Brazilian Portuguese (PT-B…
How to extract clean article text, author and date from news URLs
Copying an article out of a web page sounds easy until you try it at scale. You get menus, cookie banners, related links and ads mixed into the text…
chunklet-py v3.0.0: a smaller install, a smarter chunker, and no more global state
There's a new chunker that learns its own boundaries, two heavy dependencies moved to optional extras, and a few configuration changes that stop you…
Teaching a Computer Word Meaning Without a Dictionary
When I started learning Natural Language Processing (NLP), one question bugged me: how does a computer understand words? The honest answer is that i…
My First Steps into Word Embeddings with Word2Vec
Explain what word embeddings are and why they matter: so, Word embeddings are numerical representations of words. Each word is represented by a list…
Decision models are English-first. I measured them in Japanese, then built one.
What happens to System One decision models outside English: a position prior in Laya, an open Japanese model, a translated benchmark, and what trans…
What I Learned About Word Embeddings While Building a FAQ Chatbot
When I set out to build a simple FAQ chatbot for Python programming questions, I thought I'd be done in a weekend. I was wrong — but in the best way…
# Beyond Transformers: A Mathematical Critique of Cross-Lingual Diffusion Architectures
Beyond Transformers: A Mathematical Critique of Cross-Lingual Diffusion Architectures The current state of multilingual NLP is dominated by transfor…
Can multilingual AI improve product search on international marketplaces?
International marketplaces may support several languages, but their search engines often perform much better in English. A shopper can describe exac…
Why we built recall-first search on PostgreSQL
Our careers page search often felt broken. Searching for “Java” could return JavaScript roles. A misspelling could produce no results at all. Search…
What Are Embeddings? How AI Converts Meaning Into Numbers
Consider these two sentences: "I want to buy a phone with a long-lasting battery." and "Which smartphone should I choose if I don't want to charge i…
🇲🇦 Building SILMA-Darija: Open LLMs for Moroccan Arabic & Arabizi
🇲🇦 Building SILMA-Darija: Open LLMs for Moroccan Arabic & Arabizi Most Arabic models struggle with Moroccan Darija. When you talk to them in Dar…
Word Sense Disambiguation: How NLP Understands Word Meaning in Context
Here is a sentence that will break most computers. “I went to the bank.” Did you go to a financial institution to withdraw money? Or did you sit dow…
Sentiment Analysis of Apple Tweets: An NLP Approach
The Business Challenge When Apple launches a new product, social media explodes with customer reactions. Support teams get overwhelmed, marketing se…
How I Engineered the World's First Khattak Pashto LLM (Qwen2 + LoRA)
Standard Large Language Models (LLMs) are incredible, but they have a massive blind spot: rural and regional dialects. While standard Pashto is supp…
Day 15: Visualizing Embeddings with t-SNE and PCA
Previously, on Day 14: Explained how word embeddings represent words as vectors, the limitations of classic approaches like one-hot encoding, and ho…
Was TinyStories the Domain or the Vocabulary?
I have been running a long series of experiments on whether small models can be made to behave usefully, and one obvious thing to borrow is whatever…
Dependency Parsing: How NLP Understands Sentence Structure
You now know what each word is. But do you know what each word does ? In the previous post, we covered Part of Speech Tagging: the process of labell…
Why Your Persian Chatbot Answers the Wrong Question
When a Persian-language assistant answers half its questions with "I don't have information about that," the first assumption is always that its kno…
Part of Speech Tagging: How NLP Understands Grammar
You learned this in school, even if you’ve forgotten most of it. Nouns are things. Verbs are actions. Adjectives describe. Adverbs modify. At some p…
Day 10: Evaluation Metrics for NLP: Precision, Recall, F1, Confusion Matrix
Previously, on Day 9: Explained the fundamentals of text classification, focusing on bag-of-words representations and comparing Naive Bayes and logi…
What I Learned Evaluating LLMs Across Four Languages
Most writing about large language models assumes English. The benchmarks are in English, the failure examples are in English, and the quiet implicat…
Embeddings Cannot Say No: An Intent Detector's Real Numbers
My message detector worked on my test set. On messages it had never seen, it missed one real case out of two. TL;DR : I built a small detector that…
I Turned 200+ Chinese Character Confusions Into a Structured Dataset
I'm building a Chinese learning project called HanziHero , and one feature started with what looked like a ridiculously simple data problem: Why do…
Building an Open Turkish EV Charging Intent Dataset
Electric-vehicle assistants rarely have just one job. A short Turkish question may ask for a nearby station, a charging-price comparison, help plann…
How to fix punctuation in speech-to-text and LLM output without calling a model
If you've ever wired up the Web Speech API and rendered the result straight to the page, you've seen this: const recognition = new ( window . Speech…