What's been driving Hawaii's lava fountains?
Before the lava fountains started, the ground was expanding by half a meter a day.
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Before the lava fountains started, the ground was expanding by half a meter a day.
Hot, nutrient water might have lasted for over 5 million years after the impact.
Post-eruption imaging of the Hunga caldera gives new details of its collapse.
Isotropic analysis revealed the most likely source to be Brimham Rocks, not the nearby Plumpton Rocks.
The massive Toba eruption seems to have had little climate impact.
“We're in the realm where we might be essentially killing off everything within that first hour or two."
The crust expands at mid-ocean rifts. But how?
Rock weathering may release or draw down carbon dioxide—it depends on the rock.
Getting carbon and sulfur into Earth’s interior may be part of oxygen’s story.
Fortunately, it happened early in the morning, so nobody was around.