Stop Paying the Abstraction Tax : How I Built a C-Engine 12x Faster than Pandas
Python is the king of data science, but it charges a heavy price for convenience. When you use pd.read_csv() on a 10GB+ file, Python attempts to load …
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VX6 - IPv6 based peer2peer mesh network for secure hosting
VX6 - allows you to connect your localhost to any other persons localhost on different ports from anywhere in the world without hosting or static IP a…
Microservices Aren't About Services
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4F0dlOMWGHE Monolith or microservices? You've been in this meeting before. One engineer says "we need to move to micro…
What if your authoritative DNS server *was* a Git repository?
DNS has no git . I built one. This is a working prototype, not a finished product. The point of the post is to show that a long-standing gap in how DN…
How PayPal Scales Payments: The Architecture of Global Trust
In this guide, we explore system. Your transaction is pending. A timeout occurs. Now you're staring at a screen wondering if you just paid $1,000 twic…
Why Is Redis INCR a Bad Fit for a Public URL Shortener?
LeetDezine Redis INCR is one of those solutions that looks perfect the first time you see it. Atomic counter increments. Every call returns a unique i…
What cave diving taught me about distributed systems
What cave diving taught me about distributed systems I've been building backend systems for 14 years. I've also spent a decent chunk of the last decad…
Building an IPC bus for Kubernetes sidecars: WAL, DLQ, and ring-buffer backpressure
If you put two sidecars in a pod and ask them to talk to each other over HTTP, sooner or later one of them crashes mid-request and you lose a message.…
When Systems Disagree with Themselves
We assume systems behave consistently. They don’t. Take a simple workflow: A request comes in → system processes it → state updates → response returne…
The Orchestrator: State Transitions and Kafka Routing
In the previous post, I explained why I chose the Saga Pattern over distributed transactions. Now let's look at the central piece: the orchestrator. T…
Why Your Slurm Jobs Stay Pending (and How to Actually Fix It)
If you’ve worked with Slurm long enough, you’ve definitely seen this: PD (Pending) You submit a job, everything looks fine… and then nothing happens. …
System Design Concepts- 1
Why System Design Matters for DevOps 1. Distributed Systems A distributed system splits workloads across multiple machines. Instead of one powerful se…
Azure Service Bus for Event-Driven Systems: A Practical Deep Dive
Introduction: Why Event-Driven Architecture Matters Now More Than Ever If you've been building distributed systems on Azure for any meaningful amount …
I'm building a censorship-resistant social network in Rust — and I need your help
Most social platforms have a kill switch. Someone, somewhere, can throttle your reach, suspend your account, or just turn the whole thing off. I wante…
A beginner view of Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)
Caching is one of the most important aspects of building a highly scalable solution. At its core, caching involves storing a subset of data in such a …
⚙️ Message-oriented vs. Data-oriented orchestration - from data to knowledge
For intellectual property reasons, the subject chosen for the application of this article will not be the one discussed, although it is closely relate…
PostgreSQL Read Replicas with Docker: A Step-by-Step Guide
As your application scales, your database becomes the first bottleneck. Every dashboard query, every report, every analytics request competes with the…
I Tested PostgreSQL on 5 Million Rows, Here’s What Actually Makes Queries Fast
when you run a query on a large table in postgres, the performance difference is rarely about the query syntax, it’s about how postgres chooses to acc…
Building NewHomie property analytics tool — Part 1
From Scrappy Scraper to Production Pipeline It all started with a question. “How am I supposed to afford a house?” So I set out to transfigure my anxi…
CAP Theorem Revisited: PACELC
The CAP Theorem Got a Makeover: Meet PACELC, Your New Distributed Systems Buddy Remember when you first learned about the CAP Theorem? It was like a e…
The SKA Will Generate 700 Petabytes Per Year Across Two Continents. The Routing Problem Is Familiar.
For radio astronomy data engineers, SKA infrastructure teams, VLBI correlator architects, and anyone building distributed signal synthesis pipelines a…
Why Your System Breaks at Scale: Lessons from Processing Millions of Events
TL;DR Increasing threads helps only up to a point (50 → 300 worked, 500 didn't) Too many threads add overhead (scheduling, context switching, memory, …
How Epic Games Scales to 100M+ Concurrent Users
Your game just launched. A million players flood the servers in ten minutes. Suddenly, your matchmaking service spikes to 100% CPU, the database locks…
The 9 Things Engineers Get Wrong About the System Design Interview (and the 185 Articles I Wrote to Fix Them)
Every time I sit down to run a system design mock interview, the candidate fails for one of nine reasons. Not ten. Not seven. Nine. I've been doing th…
Load Balancers and its strategies
Introduction A load balancer acts as the first entry point for incoming requests, distributing traffic across multiple instances of an application, to…
Migration of YouTube from SQL to NoSQL: A Component-Wise Analysis
Introduction Initially, large-scale platforms like YouTube relied on traditional Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) such as MySQL. However…
Hardening Distributed Systems: Retries, Circuit Breakers & Observability.
Building Resilient Distributed Systems: A Solo Engineer's Journey How I turned flaky upstream APIs into a predictable, observable, and operator-friend…
Designing a Scalable Recovery Service for Distributed Systems
Failures are a normal and expected part of distributed systems. If your application processes data asynchronously—for example, by consuming messages f…
When the Cloud is Too Slow: Enter Fog Computing
You know that feeling when you're waiting for a response from your cloud service, and it feels like forever? Now imagine that same delay happening for…
The Missing Protocol: How BFCP Unlocked Dual-Monitor Conferencing for Enterprise Room Systems
Enterprise room systems like Polycom and Lifesize support dual monitors — one for video, one for screen share. But when they joined a web conference t…