[System Design] Ride-Hailing Dispatch Algorithm: How Uber DISCO & Grab DispatchGym Match Drivers
Every time you tap "Book Ride," a system makes dozens of decisions in under two seconds: Which driver? What route? What's the real ETA? This article b…
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Predictive Alpha: Pipeline Engineering for Real-Time Machine Learning Inference
Most retail algorithmic trading bots rely heavily on legacy technical analysis indicators—think RSI, MACD, or Bollinger Bands. While these indicators …
Indexing: The Force Awakens in My Rate Limiter Quest
The Quest Begins (The "Why") Ever had one of those days where your API feels like it’s stuck in quicksand? I was building a simple rate‑limiter for a …
UUID vs ULID vs NanoID: Which Identifier Should You Use in 2026?
A few years ago, choosing an ID format was easy. Most of us generated a UUID, stored it in the database, and moved on. Today things are different. Mod…
Bulkhead Pattern - Go
Go Bulkhead Pattern — Complete Reference Table of Contents What is the Bulkhead Pattern Three Mechanisms HTTP Transport Parameters — Deep Dive Little'…
HLD Fundamentals #3: Monolithic vs Microservices Architecture
As applications grow, one of the biggest architectural decisions is whether to keep everything in a single application (Monolith) or split it into ind…
The Evolution of Circuit Compression
Miniaturization replaced the tube with the transistor. The currency of compromise changed from watts of heater power to milliwatts of leakage and diss…
Systems Thinking: The Missing Skill in Modern Software Engineering
Many developers learn programming by focusing on functions, classes, frameworks, and algorithms. Early in our careers, success often means writing cod…
I Built an AI System Design Coach — Clone It, Try It, Break It
The problem I kept running into Every time I practiced system design, I'd hit the same wall: I'd sketch out a rough idea for "design WhatsApp" or "bui…
HLD Fundamentals #1: Network Protocols
Network Protocols Network protocols define how computers communicate over a network. Whether you're opening Instagram, sending a WhatsApp message, wat…
Admin Panels Are Not Configuration Systems
I learned this the annoying way: admin panels are not configuration systems. They can become one, but not by accident. Early on, it feels harmless. So…
[System Design] H3 Geospatial Indexing: How Uber Finds Nearby Drivers with Hexagonal Spatial Index
The Problem: Finding a Needle in a Haystack Answer-first: Uber and Grab find the nearest available driver in under 100ms by dividing the Earth's surfa…
38/60 Days System Design Questions
Your LLM has 128K tokens. Your document has 150K words. Something has to give. What do you do? A) Chunk the document into fixed-size pieces and embed …
[System Design] GPS Location Ingestion at Scale: gRPC Streaming, MQTT & Kalman Filter in Ride-Hailing
The Challenge: Millions of Drivers, Every 4 Seconds Answer-first: Uber and Grab handle 1.25 million GPS write operations per second from ~5 million ac…
Shipping 12,000+ Lines Across 6 Systems in 19 Days: A Masterclass in Backend Architecture.
What looked like a chaotic sprint was actually a strict exercise in architectural discipline. The last time I published on Dev.to was in late May. At …
System Design Interview Roadmap (10 Concepts That Matter Most)
Disclosure: This post includes affiliate links; I may receive compensation if you purchase products or services from the different links provided in t…
Streaming 25 Million Excel Cells Through 7 MB of Memory
Streaming 25 Million Excel Cells Through 7 MB of Memory TL;DR: I built an export pipeline that streams 15M+ records as formatted Excel files inside ZI…
System Design - 17. Service Discovery & Service Mesh: How Thousands of Services Find Each Other
Covers: Client-Side vs Server-Side Discovery, Service Registries, Service Mesh (Istio/Envoy), Kubernetes DNS The Problem That Didn't Exist in the Mono…
System Design - 15. The Saga Pattern: How Uber Books a Trip Without a Single Database Transaction
Covers: Two-Phase Commit, Saga Pattern, Choreography vs Orchestration Sagas, Compensating Transactions, Idempotency The Question That Breaks Most Micr…
System Design - 14. Event-Driven Architecture: Event Sourcing, CQRS, and the Outbox Pattern Explained
Event-Driven Architecture: Event Sourcing, CQRS, and the Outbox Pattern Explained Covers: Event Sourcing, CQRS, Outbox Pattern, Choreography vs Orches…
Designing an Expiring-Points System on an RDBMS (with Benchmarks)
This is an English rewrite of an article I originally published in Japanese. I've run the design on PostgreSQL 17 in Docker and folded the measured nu…
System Design - A Frontend Engineer's Deep Dive
In general, most of the discussions around System Design are backend heavy, involving Databases, Microservices , Load Balancers and what not. But in t…
System Design - 13. Message Queues Explained: Why LinkedIn Built Kafka and Changed Async Communication Forever
Message Queues Explained: Why LinkedIn Built Kafka and Changed Async Communication Forever Covers: Point-to-Point vs Pub-Sub, Kafka Internals, Deliver…
Low-Level System Design (LLD) in Java: A Beginner's Guide
Introduction When preparing for software engineering interviews, many developers focus heavily on Data Structures and Algorithms. However, as you move…
How Database Inserts Work: WAL and Buffer Pools
Quick Answer: When you insert data into a database, it doesn't immediately write to the main data table on disk. Instead, it caches the data in a RAM-…
Multi-Agent Systems Explained: Coordinator Pattern, Task Tool & Context Injection
As AI applications become more powerful, developers often discover a problem: One AI agent is not always enough. A single agent can answer questions, …
Day 35/60 System Design Questions
This article was written with the assistance of AI tooling for structure and syntax. The concepts, tradeoffs, and production context are based on my o…
I Built My Own API Gateway in Rust — Here's What I Learned
Every backend project I've worked on eventually hits the same wall. You start clean — one service, simple routes, everything works. Then slowly the re…
MCP Is the USB-C of AI. So Why Are You Plugging Everything In?
Where this fits: This article extends the Zero-Glue series. If you haven't read The End of Glue Code: Why MCP Is the USB-C Moment for AI Systems , the…
Mastering Netstat: The Linux Command That Separates Beginners from Real Infrastructure Engineers
In the era of Kubernetes, cloud-native architectures, and microservices, many engineers focus on high-level abstractions. But when a production server…