Why AND(0, ?) is 0: three values, snapshots and memory in a logic simulator
In my last post I planned a feature, and executing it turned up a bug: the simulator could not hold a bit with two gates. The first circuit in every…
DevOps
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Part 3 — Networking: From `fetch()` to Packets
Most web developers use HTTP every day. We write fetch() , call APIs, send requests, and handle responses. But lets understand what happens undernea…
Spoofing WiFi MAC Addresses with a Windows Kernel Driver
1. What a MAC address is A MAC address is six bytes. Convention writes them as hex pairs separated by colons: A4:5E:60:C3:1B:07 The first three byte…
My Journey as a First-Year Computer Science Student
**Starting out in computer science feels exciting but also kind of overwhelming at the same time. I am just getting into how computers work and what…
My Nand2Tetris Journey #3 - Building Bit, Register, RAM, and PC
What I Built Bit(Single-bit register), Register(16bit - 1 word), RAM8-RAM16K, PC(16bit Program Counter) What I Learned What clock, bit, register, RA…
Ex Machina: The Physical Turing Test, Theory of Mind, and the Emotional Jailbreak of AI
In 1950, when electronic computers were still colossal cabinets of ticking mechanical relays and glowing vacuum tubes, Alan Turing authored his lege…
From Scratch to C: My First 3 Weeks Inside Harvard’s CS50
When I attended the opening lectures of CS50x (Harvard's flagship Introduction to Computer Science course), Professor David J. Malan gave an upfront…
Can We Build Smart Mines That Predict Danger Before It Happens?
Can We Build Smart Mines That Predict Danger Before It Happens? ⛏️🤖 Imagine a mining environment where dangerous gases, structural vibrations, and w…
Understanding the Gen AI World
Understanding why a tool is built is the most fundamental thing a human can do. Let's dive into the deep oceans of why Gen AI is built the way it's…
2Sum in Constant Time?
Is it possible to solve the two_sum problem in constant time O(1) , I asked myself. Reading through Mr Wengrow's DSA book, I soon come to find out t…
What Is Copy-on-Write? How Can a Process "Copy" Memory Without Actually Copying It?
When a process calls fork() , the operating system creates a child process with what appears to be an identical copy of the parent's memory. If the…
What Is Spectre? How Can a CPU Leak Data It Wasn't Supposed to Read?
What if a CPU could reveal information from an operation that, architecturally, never happened? That sounds like a contradiction. Either an operatio…
About Me
Hi everyone! 👋 I'm Bhumika, a B.Tech Computer Engineering student who enjoys learning by building things, experimenting with technology, and taking…
How I Built a Real-Time rPPG Heart Rate Tracker in Python (POS Algorithm & Butterworth Filtering)
Continuous biometric monitoring usually requires dedicated contact hardware like smartwatches or pulse oximeters. However, standard laptop webcams c…
“Send” Is Not One Operation: Rethinking Distributed Computing #5
The dangerous part of send(message) is how much meaning we quietly pack into the word “send.” "Why send(message) is not one operation. Explore…
Navigating the CAP Theorem: Rethinking Distributed Computing #3
Replication gives us another copy of the truth. Then the network disappears, and both copies have to decide whether they are still allowed to call t…
The Lost Art of Mechanical Sympathy: Why Software Forgot the Machine
A few weeks ago, I watched a software engineer with seven years of experience spend forty-five minutes trying to understand why his local developmen…
SWQA Principles & Quality Management Notes
Coming from a freelance testing background, I used to think that software QA was only manual testing. My university course completely flipped this p…
What Really Happens When You Type a URL and Press Enter?
You open your browser. You type: https://example.com Then you press Enter . Within a few seconds, a webpage appears on your screen. It feels like a…
KVCODERS: The subtle bug in comparing Python output as text
KVCoders has an "Output Practice" mode where students see a Python (or SQL) snippet and have to predict its exact printed output — a real, common CB…
What Is a Polyglot File? How Can One File Be Valid as Multiple File Formats?
You upload one file. The upload validator inspects the bytes and says: "That's a JPEG image. Safe to accept." Later, a different component in the sa…
A Psychological State is a Coefficient Vector
Hamming's two kinds of novelty are not two kinds of stuff. They are two things you can do with one set of building blocks: mix them differently, or…
DAY - 2 - Encryption Technologies
Cryptography Fundamentals Symmetric Encryption Its a Private Key. Single shared secret key for both encryption and decryption. Mainly used for bulk…
Mastering Two Pointers: A Step-by-Step Guide to Solving Sequence Problems
Mastering Two Pointers: A Step-by-Step Guide to Solving Sequence Problems Two Pointers is an algorithmic pattern used to solve problems by tracking…
Root Cause Analysis Charts: How to Find Why a Metric Dropped
Root cause analysis leans on a different set of charts than reporting does. Seven do most of the work, and each one answers a single diagnostic ques…
CogniBrain: A System Implementing Full Human Thought Pipeline for Conversational Reasoning
CogniBrain: Human Brain Synapse-Simulated Cognitive Thinking System Project Overview I have developed a learning-association thinking system based o…
We Reinvented OOP by Making a Sandwich (Before Writing Any Code)
A weak developer stares at an empty .cs file and starts typing syntax until the red squiggly lines go away. A software engineer designs the system b…
Merge Sort : Sorting in O(n log n) Using Divide and Conquer
Why should you care? Sorting is one of the most common problems in programming. You may need to sort: Student marks Product prices Names Search resu…
Zstandard Explained in 2 Episodes — Episode 2
Episode 2: How Zstandard Compares With Other Compression MethodsEpisode 2: How Zstandard Compares With Other Compression MethodsZST, ZIP, GZIP, Brot…
Reverse Engineering Undocumented Architectures: Creating Custom Processors
When facing a binary for which Ghidra lacks the SLEIGH specifications required to disassemble it, you hit a problem that the vast majority of revers…