[System Design] Ride-Hailing Dispatch Algorithm: How Uber DISCO & Grab DispatchGym Match Drivers
Every time you tap "Book Ride," a system makes dozens of decisions in under two seconds: Which driver? What route? What's the real ETA? This article b…
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Predictive Alpha: Pipeline Engineering for Real-Time Machine Learning Inference
Most retail algorithmic trading bots rely heavily on legacy technical analysis indicators—think RSI, MACD, or Bollinger Bands. While these indicators …
Indexing: The Force Awakens in My Rate Limiter Quest
The Quest Begins (The "Why") Ever had one of those days where your API feels like it’s stuck in quicksand? I was building a simple rate‑limiter for a …
UUID vs ULID vs NanoID: Which Identifier Should You Use in 2026?
A few years ago, choosing an ID format was easy. Most of us generated a UUID, stored it in the database, and moved on. Today things are different. Mod…
Bulkhead Pattern - Go
Go Bulkhead Pattern — Complete Reference Table of Contents What is the Bulkhead Pattern Three Mechanisms HTTP Transport Parameters — Deep Dive Little'…
HLD Fundamentals #3: Monolithic vs Microservices Architecture
As applications grow, one of the biggest architectural decisions is whether to keep everything in a single application (Monolith) or split it into ind…
Systems Thinking: The Missing Skill in Modern Software Engineering
Many developers learn programming by focusing on functions, classes, frameworks, and algorithms. Early in our careers, success often means writing cod…
I Built an AI System Design Coach — Clone It, Try It, Break It
The problem I kept running into Every time I practiced system design, I'd hit the same wall: I'd sketch out a rough idea for "design WhatsApp" or "bui…
Most developers think an API Gateway is just a reverse proxy.
It's much more than that. An API Gateway sits between clients and your backend services, acting as a single entry point for your entire system. Client…
HLD Fundamentals #1: Network Protocols
Network Protocols Network protocols define how computers communicate over a network. Whether you're opening Instagram, sending a WhatsApp message, wat…
[System Design] H3 Geospatial Indexing: How Uber Finds Nearby Drivers with Hexagonal Spatial Index
The Problem: Finding a Needle in a Haystack Answer-first: Uber and Grab find the nearest available driver in under 100ms by dividing the Earth's surfa…
[System Design] GPS Location Ingestion at Scale: gRPC Streaming, MQTT & Kalman Filter in Ride-Hailing
The Challenge: Millions of Drivers, Every 4 Seconds Answer-first: Uber and Grab handle 1.25 million GPS write operations per second from ~5 million ac…
Shipping 12,000+ Lines Across 6 Systems in 19 Days: A Masterclass in Backend Architecture.
What looked like a chaotic sprint was actually a strict exercise in architectural discipline. The last time I published on Dev.to was in late May. At …
System Design Interview Roadmap (10 Concepts That Matter Most)
Disclosure: This post includes affiliate links; I may receive compensation if you purchase products or services from the different links provided in t…
Streaming 25 Million Excel Cells Through 7 MB of Memory
Streaming 25 Million Excel Cells Through 7 MB of Memory TL;DR: I built an export pipeline that streams 15M+ records as formatted Excel files inside ZI…
System Design - 17. Service Discovery & Service Mesh: How Thousands of Services Find Each Other
Covers: Client-Side vs Server-Side Discovery, Service Registries, Service Mesh (Istio/Envoy), Kubernetes DNS The Problem That Didn't Exist in the Mono…
System Design - 15. The Saga Pattern: How Uber Books a Trip Without a Single Database Transaction
Covers: Two-Phase Commit, Saga Pattern, Choreography vs Orchestration Sagas, Compensating Transactions, Idempotency The Question That Breaks Most Micr…
System Design - 14. Event-Driven Architecture: Event Sourcing, CQRS, and the Outbox Pattern Explained
Event-Driven Architecture: Event Sourcing, CQRS, and the Outbox Pattern Explained Covers: Event Sourcing, CQRS, Outbox Pattern, Choreography vs Orches…
Designing an Expiring-Points System on an RDBMS (with Benchmarks)
This is an English rewrite of an article I originally published in Japanese. I've run the design on PostgreSQL 17 in Docker and folded the measured nu…
System Design - A Frontend Engineer's Deep Dive
In general, most of the discussions around System Design are backend heavy, involving Databases, Microservices , Load Balancers and what not. But in t…
System Design - 13. Message Queues Explained: Why LinkedIn Built Kafka and Changed Async Communication Forever
Message Queues Explained: Why LinkedIn Built Kafka and Changed Async Communication Forever Covers: Point-to-Point vs Pub-Sub, Kafka Internals, Deliver…
How Database Inserts Work: WAL and Buffer Pools
Quick Answer: When you insert data into a database, it doesn't immediately write to the main data table on disk. Instead, it caches the data in a RAM-…
I Built My Own API Gateway in Rust — Here's What I Learned
Every backend project I've worked on eventually hits the same wall. You start clean — one service, simple routes, everything works. Then slowly the re…
Mastering Netstat: The Linux Command That Separates Beginners from Real Infrastructure Engineers
In the era of Kubernetes, cloud-native architectures, and microservices, many engineers focus on high-level abstractions. But when a production server…
Implementing Token Bucket Rate Limiting for High-Volume Inventory APIs
When you expose inventory or checkout endpoints to public-facing front-ends or third-party webhooks, safeguarding those APIs from brute-force scripts,…
Real-Time Notification Systems Are Harder Than Most Teams Expect
If you’ve ever thought, “It’s just a WebSocket event,” this article is for you. Notification systems look simple on the surface, but in production the…
Hashing in Distributed Systems: A Complete Guide to Algorithms, Best Practices, and Real-World Applications
Have you ever wondered how Discord keeps your channel messages available even when a server goes down? Or how Amazon DynamoDB serves petabytes of data…
Five problems hiding inside every admin permissions setup
Permissions look like an if-statement. By the time you have three roles and one custom rule, it's a system — and most teams discover the mistakes in p…
Stop Stuffing Context Windows: Dynamic Tool Pruning with Spring AI Vector Routing
Stop Stuffing Context Windows: Dynamic Tool Pruning with Spring AI Vector Routing In 2026, building enterprise-grade Java agents means managing thousa…
The Letter VCs Are Quietly Deleting from ARR
The Letter VCs Are Quietly Deleting from ARR Startups are reporting revenue they haven't earned yet. VCs know it. Investors are cheering anyway. We've…