Shipping 12,000+ Lines Across 6 Systems in 19 Days: A Masterclass in Backend Architecture.
What looked like a chaotic sprint was actually a strict exercise in architectural discipline. The last time I published on Dev.to was in late May. At …
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System Design Interview Roadmap (10 Concepts That Matter Most)
Disclosure: This post includes affiliate links; I may receive compensation if you purchase products or services from the different links provided in t…
Streaming 25 Million Excel Cells Through 7 MB of Memory
Streaming 25 Million Excel Cells Through 7 MB of Memory TL;DR: I built an export pipeline that streams 15M+ records as formatted Excel files inside ZI…
System Design - 17. Service Discovery & Service Mesh: How Thousands of Services Find Each Other
Covers: Client-Side vs Server-Side Discovery, Service Registries, Service Mesh (Istio/Envoy), Kubernetes DNS The Problem That Didn't Exist in the Mono…
System Design - 15. The Saga Pattern: How Uber Books a Trip Without a Single Database Transaction
Covers: Two-Phase Commit, Saga Pattern, Choreography vs Orchestration Sagas, Compensating Transactions, Idempotency The Question That Breaks Most Micr…
System Design - 14. Event-Driven Architecture: Event Sourcing, CQRS, and the Outbox Pattern Explained
Event-Driven Architecture: Event Sourcing, CQRS, and the Outbox Pattern Explained Covers: Event Sourcing, CQRS, Outbox Pattern, Choreography vs Orches…
Designing an Expiring-Points System on an RDBMS (with Benchmarks)
This is an English rewrite of an article I originally published in Japanese. I've run the design on PostgreSQL 17 in Docker and folded the measured nu…
System Design - A Frontend Engineer's Deep Dive
In general, most of the discussions around System Design are backend heavy, involving Databases, Microservices , Load Balancers and what not. But in t…
System Design - 13. Message Queues Explained: Why LinkedIn Built Kafka and Changed Async Communication Forever
Message Queues Explained: Why LinkedIn Built Kafka and Changed Async Communication Forever Covers: Point-to-Point vs Pub-Sub, Kafka Internals, Deliver…
How Database Inserts Work: WAL and Buffer Pools
Quick Answer: When you insert data into a database, it doesn't immediately write to the main data table on disk. Instead, it caches the data in a RAM-…
I Built My Own API Gateway in Rust — Here's What I Learned
Every backend project I've worked on eventually hits the same wall. You start clean — one service, simple routes, everything works. Then slowly the re…
Mastering Netstat: The Linux Command That Separates Beginners from Real Infrastructure Engineers
In the era of Kubernetes, cloud-native architectures, and microservices, many engineers focus on high-level abstractions. But when a production server…
Implementing Token Bucket Rate Limiting for High-Volume Inventory APIs
When you expose inventory or checkout endpoints to public-facing front-ends or third-party webhooks, safeguarding those APIs from brute-force scripts,…
Real-Time Notification Systems Are Harder Than Most Teams Expect
If you’ve ever thought, “It’s just a WebSocket event,” this article is for you. Notification systems look simple on the surface, but in production the…
Hashing in Distributed Systems: A Complete Guide to Algorithms, Best Practices, and Real-World Applications
Have you ever wondered how Discord keeps your channel messages available even when a server goes down? Or how Amazon DynamoDB serves petabytes of data…
Five problems hiding inside every admin permissions setup
Permissions look like an if-statement. By the time you have three roles and one custom rule, it's a system — and most teams discover the mistakes in p…
Stop Stuffing Context Windows: Dynamic Tool Pruning with Spring AI Vector Routing
Stop Stuffing Context Windows: Dynamic Tool Pruning with Spring AI Vector Routing In 2026, building enterprise-grade Java agents means managing thousa…
The Letter VCs Are Quietly Deleting from ARR
The Letter VCs Are Quietly Deleting from ARR Startups are reporting revenue they haven't earned yet. VCs know it. Investors are cheering anyway. We've…
The Execution Safety Crisis in Multi-Agent Workflows — And the Architectural Pattern That Solves It
The biggest unresolved problem in multi-agent workflows is not reasoning. It is execution safety. Most teams building with LLMs today have not encount…
32/60 Days System Design Questions!
Your startup just got its first SOC 2 audit. The auditor asks: "Where are your database passwords, API keys, and service tokens stored?" Your senior e…
Beyond CRUD: 9 Backend Concepts Every Engineer Should Know to Build Scalable and Reliable Systems
When I started learning backend development, I thought the job was pretty straightforward. Build an API. Connect a database. Add authentication. Deplo…
Architecting Strict Sequential Ordering in a Concurrent World
Imagine you are building a cloud-native backend for a high-frequency trading platform or a core banking ledger. To ensure mathematical immutability an…
Stop Building Autonomous AI Agents. Build Governed Execution Runtimes Instead.
Stop Building Autonomous AI Agents. Build Governed Execution Runtimes Instead. We’ve all seen the standard AI agent architecture: LLM → Tool → Reflect…
Building a Real‑Time Notification System: Why a Simple Token Bucket Beats Fancy Alternatives
Building a Real‑Time Notification System: Why a Simple Token Bucket Beats Fancy Alternatives Quick context (why you're writing this) Honestly, I still…
31/60 Days System Design Questions!
Your e-commerce platform just crossed 2M daily active users. 70% are in the US, 30% in Europe. Latency complaints are piling up from European users — …
The Landscape of Core Banking Developers: Building Financial Systems from Scratch
This post is the Executive Summary of my 8-part long-form series: * Learning Path to Become a Core Banking Developer ** originally published on my blo…
If the warehouse already has the data, why are we copying it elsewhere?
When we started working on Krenalis , we spent a lot of time reviewing how customer data typically flows through a modern data stack. One pattern kept…
Hidden Coupling in Distributed Financial Systems: Dependencies You Didn't Know You Had
Abstract Distributed financial systems are described through explicit interfaces. Services call APIs, consume events, write to databases, submit trans…
" I Can Tell Within 5 Minutes Whether Someone Is Using AI as an Engineer or as a Gambler "
The engineer starts with architecture. The gambler starts with a prompt. I have been both. And I have watched enough codebases collapse under the weig…
Want to Go Deeper?
Your LLM bill is exploding because 70% of user queries are semantically identical, yet your traditional cache ignores them completely. Even worse, if …