From Pull Requests to Reproducible Interoperability: Building an Evidence-First Contributor Network
From Pull Requests to Reproducible Interoperability: Building an Evidence-First Contributor Network Open source collaboration becomes much more usef…
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IEC 61850 Security Research: From SCL and MMS to GOOSE, Sampled Values, and the Process Bus
By RUGERO Tesla ( @404Saint ). IEC 61850 is another one of those protocols that becomes more interesting the deeper you go. At first glance, it look…
Простые сложные сети: как устроена сеть в MWS Cloud Platform
Привет! Меня зовут Ренат Ахмеров, я один из руководителей направления по работе с виртуальными сетями и сетевыми функциями в MWS Cloud Platform. В э…
Beyond Cyclic Polling: Objects, Classes, and Outstation State in DNP3
By RUGERO Tesla ( @404saint ) If you approach DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol 3) from a background in Modbus/TCP or EtherNet/IP (CIP), your menta…
🌐 Understanding TCP Flow: From Handshake to Data Transfer
When you type a URL like https://youtube.com into Chrome, a fascinating sequence of events unfolds behind the scenes. Let’s break it down step by st…
Split-Horizon DNS: One Name, Two Answers, and the Server Decides by Who's Asking
Originally published at https://blog.pathvector.dev/protocol-lab-dns-views-42-split-horizon/ — part of the free Protocol Lab series. This post is pa…
DNS Round-Robin: The Cheapest Load Balancer Is Three A Records and a Rotating Answer
Originally published at https://blog.pathvector.dev/protocol-lab-dnsrr-41/ — part of the free Protocol Lab series. This post is part of Protocol Lab…
DNAT Explained: Publishing an Internal Service Through One Public Address and Port
Originally published at https://blog.pathvector.dev/protocol-lab-dnat-40/ — part of the free Protocol Lab series. This post is part of Protocol Lab…
TCP MSS Clamping: Fixing Path MTU Black Holes by Rewriting the SYN
Originally published at https://blog.pathvector.dev/protocol-lab-mss-37/ — part of the free Protocol Lab series. This post is part of Protocol Lab ,…
ECMP Explained: Two Equal Paths, and the Kernel Hashes Flows Across Them
Originally published at https://blog.pathvector.dev/protocol-lab-ecmp-32/ — part of the free Protocol Lab series. This post is part of Protocol Lab…
DHCP Explained: How a Machine With No IP Address Gets One in Four Messages
Originally published at https://blog.pathvector.dev/protocol-lab-dhcp-22/ — part of the free Protocol Lab series. This post is part of Protocol Lab…
QUIC-Based NAT Traversal: How PUNCH_ME_NOW Frames Are Standardizing Hole Punching
TL;DR: NAT traversal has historically relied on STUN/TURN/ICE running as an external signalling layer bolted onto whatever transport protocol you ch…
How traceroute Really Works: TTL, ICMP Time-Exceeded, and Mapping a Path Hop by Hop
Originally published at https://blog.pathvector.dev/protocol-lab-trace-19/ — part of the free Protocol Lab series. This post is part of Protocol Lab…
VXLAN Explained: An Overlay You Can Read on the Wire
Originally published at https://blog.pathvector.dev/protocol-lab-vxlan-18/ — part of the free Protocol Lab series. This post is part of Protocol Lab…
WireGuard, Seen From Both Sides: The Same Ping as Ciphertext and Cleartext
Originally published at https://blog.pathvector.dev/protocol-lab-wg-16/ — part of the free Protocol Lab series. This post is part of Protocol Lab ,…
Цикл Junior DevOps. Часть 2. Roadmap DevOps, Linux, Bash
Roadmap DevOps — это не просто список технологий, а последовательность взаимосвязанных знаний. Разбираем, что изучать Junior DevOps, зачем нужен каж…
A small C++ library for sending structured commands and telemetry between devices — no schema files, just add your parameters and serialize
If you've ever tried to build a simple command/telemetry protocol between a PC and a fleet of SDR receivers, sensors, or embedded devices, you know…
Abandoning Abstractions: Manually Crafting EtherNet/IP Packets Almost Broke Me
By RUGERO Tesla ( @404Saint ). There is a persistent illusion in Industrial Control Systems (ICS) security research: that high-level libraries, abst…
cfzt: как я обернул Zero Trust Cloudflare Tunnel в одну команду и зачем туда пришлось добавить вотчдог для QUIC
В домашней инфраструктуре у меня крутится десяток сервисов: Grafana, Zabbix, n8n, Navidrome, ollama, БД, пара дашбордов и тестовых API. Ка…
What Really Happens When You Click a Link
You click a link. In under two seconds, a webpage built by someone in San Francisco loads on your phone in Delhi. No one handed it to you. Thousands…
Сетевой слой iOS‑приложения
Эта статья — не ревью чужого кода и не пересказ абстрактных паттернов. Это практическое описание того, как я подхожу к проектированию сетевого…
Stage 1.6 — Network Devices
From Zero to Cybersecurity Professional | Complete Roadmap Series Series: Cybersecurity × OT/ICS Security — Full Roadmap Stage: 1 — Network Fundamen…
The Most Confusing Thing in VirtualBox: Networking Explained
If you've ever run this command in Kali Linux: ip a you've probably seen something like this: lo 127.0.0.1 eth0 10.0.2.15 eth1 192.168.56.10 docker0…
Create and configure network security groups
Introduction Want to ensure your web infrastructure is tightly controlled and protected against unauthorized traffic? In this hands-on lab breakdown…
From the Perspective of a 20-Year Architect: My Own System's Security
Even though I've been immersed in systems for twenty years, I never thought a security incident on my own server would make me sweat this much. I'm…
Если ты хороший игрок в Dota 2, то ты хороший Devops
Играешь или играл когда‑то в Dota? Тогда я уверен, что ты сможешь научиться DevOps и стать в нём одним из лучших. Включай вниман…
Internet Architecture
Internet Architecture describes how data is organized, transmitted, and managed across networks. Different architectural models serve different need…
I have no idea what my AI agents are doing right now. Here is how I fixed that.
There is a specific kind of anxiety that comes with running autonomous AI agents in production. You deploy them, they start working, and then you ha…
Illustration: Network Policies
CKS Study Memo on Network Policies official document: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/ You can control traf…