When the disk fills up: pressure and tenant isolation in Squirix preview.7
In my preview.6 article , I wrote about what happens after a write is accepted: binary WAL frames, group commit, crash recovery, and durable retries. …
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Spring Batch DB Cluster Partitioning 3.0.0 — distributed partitioning with just a database, now on Spring Boot 4 & Java 21
spring-batch-db-cluster-core 3.0.0 is live on Maven Central. This is the biggest release of the project so far — a full platform upgrade plus a batch …
The World's Oldest Communication Protocol Is Music
This is going to be a very different article from what I usually write. No technical discussions, architecture deep dives, or engineering practices to…
Building Reliable Event-Driven Systems: Event Schemas, Versioning, Contract Testing and Events vs Commands (part-4)
In this article, we're going to explore Contract Testing Contract testing ensures that event contracts remain stable as systems evolve. Producers rece…
Realtime Is a Hint, Not Your Source of Truth
A notification badge looks like a small feature. In a distributed application, it can expose a large architectural assumption. I recently investigated…
What happens after a write? Reworking Squirix's WAL in preview.6
In my first Squirix article , I wrote about why Squirix keeps a strict boundary between the client and the server. Applications use a typed client ove…
Building Reliable Event-Driven Systems: Event Schemas, Versioning, Contract Testing and Events vs Commands (part-2)
This is part-2 of the article series on "Building Reliable Event-Driven Systems". In this article, we're going to explore Event Schemas . 5. Designing…
Service-to-Service Communication in Microservices: What Every Developer Should Know
I still remember the first time a junior dev I was mentoring asked me, "why did the order service just... hang for 30 seconds and then crash the whole…
🚀 We're Hiring Software Engineers at 10xHire
👉 Apply Here First Application Form: https://forms.gle/QJNF7TXVBTgbLoaC7 At 10xHire , we're building the next generation of technical hiring. We belie…
The Difference Between Retry and Idempotency They're Not the Same
Let me start with the confusion that prompted this post: in a recent mentoring session, a senior engineer described their payment service as "idempote…
Decision Provenance in Distributed Financial Systems: Why Systems Must Explain Their Own Decisions
Abstract Distributed financial systems do not merely process transactions. They make decisions. A transaction is approved, rejected, delayed, escalate…
Our service discovery caught its own failure and switched itself off
We had a three-replica cluster that kept disagreeing with itself. Background jobs ran two and three times over. The answer wasn't in the logs; it was …
Why Your Background Jobs Fail in Production
Most developers first meet background jobs through a deceptively simple model: put work in a queue, let a worker pick it up, and assume the job will b…
The Bug Behind the Bug: Why Protocol Failures Rarely Live in One Layer
Blockchain incidents are often explained too simply: “consensus stopped,” “the VM produced the wrong state,” or “a malformed transaction crashed valid…
A mesh of old phones as bodies, LLM agents as minds — coordinating through a log they argue in
The shared log in my house has entries I didn't write. The agents write them to each other. Recent ones: "you keep saying 'don't be wrong' but this dr…
Cinema Seat Reservation System — Part 2: Transitioning To Production-Scale and Deploying on Azure Cloud
Introduction This is the second part of sharing my journey to create a microservices-based backend system, in the previous part, I introduced the syst…
The Physical Laws of AI Migrations: Architecting an LLM Orchestrator that Survives Reality
Large codebase migrations are not typing problems; they are distributed state machine problems. When you execute a multi-step, multi-PR refactor with …
I built a free system design whiteboard for engineering interviews
I bombed a system design interview last year — not because I didn't know the architecture, but because I spent the first 5 minutes fighting Excalidraw…
Feature Flags at Scale: Designing a Distributed Control System for Production Behavior
The Counterintuitive Truth: Feature Flags Are Not Config Files Most engineers first encounter feature flags as a simple abstraction: a key-value looku…
Hidden Coupling in Distributed Financial Systems: Dependencies You Didn't Know You Had
Abstract Distributed financial systems are described through explicit interfaces. Services call APIs, consume events, write to databases, submit trans…
The 32-bit Hidden Countdown in ClickHouse Keeper: How an XID Overflow Gave Us Weekly Read-Only Bursts
A production debugging story: tracing recurring 2–5-second read-only storms on a ClickHouse cluster down to a single 32-bit integer — and the one-line…
From a Simple Auth Service to a Distributed Authentication Platform with Kafka, Debezium, and Observability
This is a submission for the GitHub Finish-Up-A-Thon Challenge What I Built I built a Distributed Authentication System as a long-term learning projec…
I Built a Complete AI Infrastructure Stack from Scratch — Here's What I Learned
I Built a Complete AI Infrastructure Stack from Scratch — Here's What I Learned Most AI projects start at the top of the stack. You grab an LLM API, w…
Why Distributed Transactions Fail and How the Outbox Pattern Helps
While covering the Outbox Pattern in my earlier article on CQRS , I realized there was much more depth to it than I initially planned to discuss — and…
CQRS: Where It Helps and Where It Hurts in Backend Systems
CQRS has been one of the most talked-about architectural patterns in modern backend systems. Over the last decade, its popularity has grown alongside …
Minimal Code Doesn’t Mean Stable Code
The argument sounds reasonable: fewer lines of code mean fewer bugs. Simpler to review, easier to reason about, less surface area for defects. Sounds …
Designing TikTok from Scratch — A System Design Deep Dive
Who is this for? Mid-to-senior engineers preparing for system design interviews, or anyone curious how a short-video platform at billion-user scale ac…
Welcome to the Distributed Systems World — The Challenges Nobody Warned You About
title: "Welcome to the Distributed Systems World — The Challenges Nobody Warned You About" published: false description: A friendly tour of the six bi…
What Broke When We Hit 100k WebSocket Connections (And How Realtime Orchestration Saved Us)
Introduction We built a product that streams AI model outputs to browsers and backend agents in realtime. At first, a few hundred WebSocket connection…
What Broke After 10M WebSocket Events (And How We Fixed Our Realtime AI Orchestration)
Introduction We built a realtime AI feature for a multi-tenant SaaS: live agent assistants that coordinate across services and update UIs via WebSocke…