I shut down the L train in a graph: max flow, min cut and AI agents on the New York subway
Picture 8 a.m. on a Wednesday in October. A signal fire in the Canarsie Tube stops the L between Bedford Av and 8 Av, in both directions, until furt…
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Engineering a Multimodal Travel Planner on a 228,060-Edge Graph
A flight search engine answers a well-defined question: which available flights connect two airports? A door-to-door travel planner must answer a mo…
Can Algorithms Track Behaviour? Monitoring Coordinated Online Actions
Online action detection is central to modern cybersecurity analysis. Simply tracking individual accounts provides only scattered data points; it doe…
How Uber Computes Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)
Short answer: how does Uber compute ETA? Uber snaps noisy GPS pings to the road network (map matching), finds candidate routes on a road graph, and…
How to Come Up With the Raft Consensus Algorithm Yourself
If someone asks you to explain Raft, you might hear a list of terms like: Leader election Terms RequestVote AppendEntries Log replication Commit ind…
2026 - Backend Interview Questions
1. Core Java & OOP Write an immutable class in Java Comparable vs Comparator with examples What is a Functional Interface? Can it have default a…
Five results: I spent time proving splines don't help trajectory databases
If you work with GPS tracks, this idea shows up sooner or later: why store a trajectory as a polyline of thousands of points when a vehicle moves sm…
A real world case of recursion done right in PHP
Nick Cosentino @DevLeaderCa posted this message about recursion on X, ex Twitter, in October 2025, which received over 460 replies. // Detect dark t…
Building a Zero-Lag Client-Side Python Visualizer with Pyodide & WebAssembly
Understanding code execution, call stacks, and pointer mutations can be tricky—especially when debugging complex algorithms, recursion, or data stru…
Bayan Flow 0.5.0: Tree Traversals, Graph Algorithms, and Turning a Visualizer Into a Platform
Version 0.5.0 of Bayan Flow just shipped, and it's the biggest one so far. I'd promised tree traversals and graph algorithms a while back. They're f…
Solving the Implicit Colebrook-White Equation in TypeScript via Newton-Raphson Iterations
Fluid mechanics calculations in web applications often rely on simplified empirical approximations. When calculating friction losses in turbulent fl…
HLD: Twitter / X
Design a social media platform where users post tweets, follow each other, and see a timeline of tweets from accounts they follow. 1️⃣ Clarify Requi…
I spent months building an exact incremental-computation library in C. I finally put the reproducible benchmarks on GitHub.
I’ve been working on a performance project called HKD Kernel. The premise is that a lot of large computations repeat work unnecessarily. If only a t…
Nine puzzle solvers, one browser tab, zero servers: a tour of classic search algorithms
I recently finished building a small suite of puzzle and game solvers that all run entirely in the browser — no backend, no API calls, no machine-le…
HLD: Instagram Feed
Design a photo-sharing platform where users post photos and see a feed of photos from people they follow. 1️⃣ Clarify Requirements Functional Requir…
How Does Ground Moving Target Indication Work? A Developer’s Guide to GMTI Processing
How Does Ground Moving Target Indication Work? Ground Moving Target Indication, or GMTI, is a radar processing capability used to detect moving obje…
Functions Behind the Scenes
Why should you care? You use functions constantly: int result = add ( 10 , 20 ); It looks simple. You call a function, it does some work, and it ret…
Designing Algorithms That Adapt to Their Input Distribution
Most algorithms are taught as if the input were some abstract thing that simply arrives at the function boundary. An array appears. A graph appears.…
Binary Search: The Matrix of Algorithms – Patterns, Edge Cases, and Real Interview Questions
The Quest Begins (The "Why") I still remember the first time I bombed an interview because I tried to solve a “find the target in a sorted array” qu…
Building a Location-Aware Discovery Engine: Why “Nearby” Isn't Just Distance
"Nearby" sounds like a simple feature. Calculate the distance between the user and every location. Sort by distance. Done. In practice, that's not e…
Algorithmic Patterns: The Ultimate Guide to Sliding Window
The Sliding Window pattern is one of the most vital algorithmic techniques for optimizing array and string problems. Instead of repeatedly processin…
Greedy Algorithms: Choosing Your Path Like Neo in The Matrix
The Quest Begins (The "Why") I still remember the first time I stared at a whiteboard covered in overlapping intervals during a mock interview. The…
How We Made Image Copy-Detection ~1,000,000 Faster — by Refusing to Look at Pixels
Structural hashing for pixel art: a 1024-byte key that answers 'is this the same artwork?' in 115 nanoseconds — and then tells you exactly what was…
Why Route Ranking Needs Deterministic Scoring, Not a Language Model
When you build a tool that compares travel routes: flight vs. train vs. bus, the obvious instinct is to let a language model read the variables and…
Optimizing LLM Context for OpenAPI: A Deterministic Approach to Token Reduction
How deterministic context batching reduced approximate token usage by ~81.7% while building an agentic API testing prototype See It in Action I also…
Four ICPC Habits That Survived Production, and Two I Had to Unlearn
Every few months the same argument comes back around: does competitive programming make you a better engineer, or does it just make you good at comp…
How We Evolved a Cultural Recommendation Feed From a Weighted SQL Ranker to a Narrative Affinity Model
Building a personalization engine for a multi-format content feed, without machine learning, and the testing process that forced us to rebuild it. T…
Extreme Combinatorial Optimization in VRAM: Architecture and Engineering of AETPC
The Challenge of Combinatorial Complexity Large-scale combinatorial optimization problems—such as the classic Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSPLIB)…
Collaborative Filtering: How Computers Find Your Next Favourite Thing
🎯 Finding Your Taste Twin Imagine walking into a party where you don't know anyone. Someone notices your t-shirt and starts a conversation: "You lik…
Building a Perceptual Hash Pipeline for Video Deduplication in Python
A single viral clip never stays a single file. Within hours of a video trending, our crawlers pull the "same" clip back a dozen times: re-encoded at…